Abstract
Drug resistance and a dire lack of transmission-blocking antimalarials hamper malaria elimination. Here, we present the pantothenamide MMV693183 as a first-in-class acetyl-CoA synthetase (AcAS) inhibitor to enter preclinical development. Our studies demonstrate attractive drug-like properties and in vivo efficacy in a humanized mouse model of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The compound shows single digit nanomolar in vitro activity against P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical isolates, and potently blocks P. falciparum transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Genetic and biochemical studies identify AcAS as the target of the MMV693183-derived antimetabolite, CoA-MMV693183. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling predict that a single 30 mg oral dose is sufficient to cure a malaria infection in humans. Toxicology studies in rats indicate a > 30-fold safety margin in relation to the predicted human efficacious exposure. In conclusion, MMV693183 represents a promising candidate for further (pre)clinical development with a novel mode of action for treatment of malaria and blocking transmission.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2158 |
| Pages (from-to) | 2158 |
| Journal | Default journal |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| State | Published - Apr 20 2022 |
Funding
We gratefully acknowledge S. Mok for assistance with whole-genome sequencing analysis, C. Bioni for providing access to the laboratory for the Brazilian-field isolates ex vivo assessments, O. Byaruhanga, S. Orena, M. Okitwi and T. Katairo for assistance with ex vivo assays on fresh P. falciparum isolates in Uganda, S. Sax for technical assistance with the SCID mouse P. falciparum in vivo efficacy studies performed at Swiss TPH. We thank D.F. Wirth, A.K. Lukens and R. Summers for pre-publication sharing of data and fruitful discussions. T. Spielmann is acknowledged for providing the plasmid SLI-TGD. We also thank the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences Metabolomics Core Facility at Penn State University. LEdV was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc (RIMLS015-010), JMJV by an individual Radboudumc Master-PhD grant, TWAK by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VIDI 864.13.009), JM by an NIH training grant (T32 DK120509), ML by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1054480), JCN by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1162467 and OPP1054480), JB by an Investigator Award from Wellcome (100993/Z/13/Z), DAF by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD/08/0015), the Department of Defense (W81XWH1910086) and the NIH (R01 AI109023), RVCG by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP - CEPID grant 2013/07600-3 and 2020/12904-5), and ACCA by an Investigator Award from FAPESP (2019/19708-0). DGFA screening was supported by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD-08-2800, award to JB and AC), clinical field isolates experiments in Brazil were funded through ongoing MMV support, project RD-16-1066 (RVCG, ACCA), ex vivo studies in Uganda were supported by the NIH (R01AI139179) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD/15/0001), the efficacy study on ACT-resistant isolates was supported by the Medicines for Malaria Venture. We further acknowledge support by MalDA (OPP1054480; PI Dr. E. Winzeler, UCSD). We gratefully acknowledge S. Mok for assistance with whole-genome sequencing analysis, C. Bioni for providing access to the laboratory for the Brazilian-field isolates ex vivo assessments, O. Byaruhanga, S. Orena, M. Okitwi and T. Katairo for assistance with ex vivo assays on fresh P. falciparum isolates in Uganda, S. Sax for technical assistance with the SCID mouse P. falciparum in vivo efficacy studies performed at Swiss TPH. We thank D.F. Wirth, A.K. Lukens and R. Summers for pre-publication sharing of data and fruitful discussions. T. Spielmann is acknowledged for providing the plasmid SLI-TGD. We also thank the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences Metabolomics Core Facility at Penn State University. LEdV was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc (RIMLS015-010), JMJV by an individual Radboudumc Master-PhD grant, TWAK by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO-VIDI 864.13.009), JM by an NIH training grant (T32 DK120509), ML by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1054480), JCN by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1162467 and OPP1054480), JB by an Investigator Award from Wellcome (100993/Z/13/Z), DAF by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD/08/0015), the Department of Defense (W81XWH1910086) and the NIH (R01 AI109023), RVCG by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP - CEPID grant 2013/07600-3 and 2020/12904-5), and ACCA by an Investigator Award from FAPESP (2019/19708-0). DGFA screening was supported by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD-08-2800, award to JB and AC), clinical field isolates experiments in Brazil were funded through ongoing MMV support, project RD-16-1066 (RVCG, ACCA), ex vivo studies in Uganda were supported by the NIH (R01AI139179) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (RD/15/0001), the efficacy study on ACT-resistant isolates was supported by the Medicines for Malaria Venture. We further acknowledge support by MalDA (OPP1054480; PI Dr. E. Winzeler, UCSD).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| MalDA | |
| NWO-VIDI | 864.13.009 |
| Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences | RIMLS015-010 |
| National Institutes of Health | T32 DK120509 |
| U.S. Department of Defense | W81XWH1910086, R01 AI109023 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | R01AI139179 |
| Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | OPP1162467, OPP1054480 |
| Pennsylvania State University | |
| Wellcome Trust | 100993/Z/13/Z |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | 2020/12904-5, 2013/07600-3 |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Medicines for Malaria Venture | RD/08/0015 |
| Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca Amazónica | RD-08-2800, RD/15/0001, 2019/19708-0, RD-16-1066 |
ASJC Scopus Subject Areas
- General Chemistry
- General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Physics and Astronomy
Keywords
- Animals
- Antimalarials
- Folic Acid Antagonists
- Malaria
- Falciparum
- Vivax
- Mice
- Pantothenic Acid
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Rats
Disciplines
- Parasitic Diseases